Showing posts with label resources. Show all posts
Showing posts with label resources. Show all posts

Thursday, May 10

Interesting Japanese Resources - Erin's Challenge

image source

I found this webpage, Japan Foundation's project called 'Erin's Challenge! I can speak Japanese', during my year off. If not that I had been so busy studying for the final exam, I would have spent hours there!


It's a really nice webpage 'even the beginners can enjoy'. More advanced users will also find it helpful, as it's pouring with real-life dialogues (beginner and advanced versions), effective vocabulary-building exercises and my most favourite section, これは何?, which presents the series of weird Japanese items. The dialogues contain the script and the series of exercises to deepen the understanding of the dialogue.

Tuesday, May 1

How To Start Studying Japanese?

Warning: it's not going to be a pat-on-the-head - kind of encouraging post. It's going to be very cruel kick-in-the-a**e - kind of post, but hopefully a helpful one that will save you a lot of time and struggle in the future.

So, you decided you want to study Japanese! Probably already browsing internet forums and sucking the words of wisdom from all the people who seem to be spending more time online teaching people how to study than actually study offline themselves. And you've probably already been bombarded with zillions of offers how to learn Japanese fast, how to pass JLPT in less than a week, and how to acquire kanji in your sleep while listening to some podcasts with relaxing dolphin squeaks in the background. Needless to say hard cash each. As a beginner, you're probably tempted by all these lovely hiragana charts and books that are supposedly make you a hiragana genious in no time, using just some quirky flashy pictures, special mnemonic techniques and aromatherapy. 

The thing is: it's all a waste of time and money, as the best online resources are always free. The best resources are mostly made by people who, having received a lot of goodness throughout their study, want to share a bit of the good language karma. Of course, they wouldn't be offended by a little donation here and there, but it would never be their idea to squeeze money out of a penniless teenager who wants to learn some kana to impress their peers.

Want a piece of advice on how to start studying Japanese? Firstly, it's very important to decide the following: do you want to LEARN Japanese, or just STUDY it? It might seem the same, but there is a crucial difference in between. 

Are you just trying to impress everybody for whom Spanish is a quintessence of their foreign language acquisition? There are many other languages using characters, take Chinese as an obvious example, then Hindi, or even Arabic. Studying them you're far better off for the future, too, than studying fairly useless Japanese. (Do you know the state of Japanese economy now? It's head over heels with debt.) [Off the record: I personally regret that I haven't studied Chinese on the way, as each day proves my Japanese to be useless by this ungrateful nation. If I had studied Chinese, I would have had a serious economical advantage in the least. I'll try to get some intense classes in Chinese during my last year when I come back to London.]

Then, are you just trying to prove yourself something? Teachers always told you you suck at foreign languages, and you want to prove otherwise? Or maybe Spanish never looked much diferent from French, and you hope a weird language would make a difference? Well, the sad fact is that not everybody was granted a talent in the language field. And although it is possible to force the language acquisition by repetitive study, it'll sooner or later become a chore rather than pleasure. Do you really have that much time to waste, proving something? Isn't it better to go and excel in the field that you really rule at?

And thirdly, if you're not a visual person, there is no point at even starting studying the language that requires some form of artistic sensitivity and visual memory, at least the ability to tell the characters apart. There are so many other oriental languages, some of them don't even use weird characters. Ever heard of Indonesian or Vietnamese? Even if they do, a lot of them use the limited amount of them forming words, just the way we use our alphabet (just have a look at Tibetan or previously mentioned Arabic). Why chosing Japanese, which not only uses 2 forms of syllabary, but also uses a lot of pictographic kanji, and these kanji are not even read in the same way each time! Although mostly carrying two or three, some of them can carry up to ten different readings,  depending on the word they compose.

Still sure you want to study Japanese?

If so, SIT ON YOUR FOUR LETTERS AND START STUDYING. Check the hiragana/ katakana charts online, check the stroke orders (click the characters, it will re-direct you to the webpage with animated kana). Learn kana first, old-school way, by copying thoughtfully and learning the pronunciation, and do it in less than a week (ideally during the weekend). Practice whenever you can on whichever piece of paper. Ask somebody to test you randomly. Then, after a week of doing so, go to the proper bookstore and get yourself a good handbook, with absolutely NO romaji in it. I first studied from Minna-no Nihongo with Grammar and Translation notes in English, and never really regreted it, even if the vocabulary or some problems were a bit dated. Go through your first book properly but quickly, try to cover one chapter a week. Do all the homeworks, listen to all the CDs, and learn all the kanji you encounter by memorizing WORDS, not just kanji. Check words in a good online dictionary like the excellent tangorin.com, use the Japanese input wherever possible and hide the romaji from your dictionary (in tangorin - tick the box on the right 'display readings in kana' to hide the distracting romaji). It really is as simple as that. You don't need super books or special techniques. You don't need any gadgets. You just need to sit down and study. Ingenious, eh?

Maybe my words of wisdom will spare you a lot of time and a lot of money. Or maybe not and you'll try to convince me that without some must-have gadget it is simply impossible to learn Japanese. But the harsh truth is: you really don't need any weird equipment, special pens, even more special notebooks, or, God forbid! the electronic dictionary in the very beginning of your study, in order to study Japanese. You don't even need hundreds of books, not when you're just starting, anyway. 

The cruel fact is that if you need 8 weeks to master hiragana or some riddiculous piece of software like romaji to kana converter, better go and find yourself some other language to study, as there is absolutely no way you'll ever be able to memorize any of the kanji unless it's the one for tree or a dog.

But you don't need kanji if you just want to speak, I'll hear you say. Well, do you really consider it learning the language if you just can speak with romanized words that don't even represent the real pronunciation? And good luck coming to Japan and trying to figure your way through with no kanji. The cruel fact is that unlike the 1980' businessman who had to communicate during business meetings in a simple, effective way, jotting down in romanized Japanese so as to memorize the basics, YOU decided to study the language which has both kanji and syllabaries in it. There is no point in 'studying' if you don't intend to do it properly, because frankly, it's just a waste of time. Your time. 

The choice is yours.




Yours Sincerly,

Experienced Student of Japanese


If only I could remember where I took it...

Sunday, April 29

Prefectures of Japan - puzzle game!

Walking randomly around a hyaku-yen shop called Flet's (usually open, as the door claims, 'from 9 to 25', whatever this means...), a certain item caught my eye. I got even happier when I discovered what it actually was - a jigsaw-style puzzle map of Japanese prefectures! 


I don't know about your experiences concerning the Japanese prefectures, but mine were just terrible. I remember reading zillions of books about Japan before the exams for the Japanese Studies in Poland (most of which was just a complete waste of time, as none of the 'exams' actually checked any of your knowledge on the subject anyway). These books were not only seriously dated (majority from around the seventies), but also weirdly translated or simply poorly written, with daunting newspeak of jibberish and incomprehensible terms. Most of them pouring with not explained pieces of vocabulary, as if every reader ought to know everything about Japan prior to getting the book (what an irony, almost like with the actual Japanese studies in Poland!). One of these unexplained words, and one of the most annoying, because obviously directly translated, was 'prefecture'. Whenever a place was mentioned, you had this hated 'prefektura' next to it, which didn't even explain you anything, as there was no map of Japan with prefectures provided in the book!

My next encounter with prefectures happened when I realized it would be a nice and useful way to study some weird kanji on top of the regular load. I do think it was very effective kanji-wise, but it still didn't solve the problem of not really knowing where these actually were located. Of course, the more you know about Japan and Japanese, the easier it gets, as you learn that Hokkaido is a single prefecture, Osaka, Kyoto and Tokyo create ones as well (although they don't carry 県 (ken) after the name). When you read texts in the textbooks, sooner or later some character will mention Chiba, Hyougo or Gunma prefectures, as they are not that far from Tokyo, or Shiga and Nara prefectures - close to Kyoto. Then from the history books you can probably remember Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which are the main cities of prefectures with the same names. And recently, Fukushima prefecture and its location made it to the news because of the Great Tohoku Earthquake just over a year ago. But I was looking for an effective method of seeing where each prefecture is, more or less, located in Japan. 

I couldn't find a better way than a kid's puzzle, with not onlu kanji, but also the hiragana readings and all the capital cities indicated! (Most of them share the prefecture name, but sometimes you might get a surprise :-) ) !


I thought this is too good so as not to share it - for everybody who studies Japanese, for the children of the expats, for the teachers of Japanese, or just everybody interested. I took pictures of both the map and the pieces, as close to A4 format as I could. My plan is to put each of the puzzle prefectures here, with brief description and printable version that you can print at home, should you wish to. With 1-3 prefectures a week, I should finish the cycle in about 3 months.


Anybody in for the Game of Prefectures?

Saturday, April 28

紫式部に聞く - Keigo Practice

I found this little fake interview with Murasaki Shikibu, the author of 'The Tale of Genji' in some of my older materials. It is meant to be a keigo practice. Judging by the theme and vocabulary, it must be coming from one of Minna-no Nihongo workbooks. It was a great revision to go through the entries and identify the keigo forms, and then change them into everyday Japanese.

 ーーーー 皆さん、こんにちは。「タイム・マシン」の時間です。今日は紫式部さんをお迎えしました。紫式部さんは世界で初めての長い小説「源氏物語」をお書きになった方です。では、お伺いします。紫式部さんは源氏物語をお書きになったとき、1,000年後も読まれると思われましたか。

紫式部  いいえ。今の人気にびっくりしております。漫画やミュージカルになっているそうですね。

ーーーー ええ。どうして1,000年後の今も人気があると思われますか。

紫式部  いろいろな読み方ができるからだと思います。この小説のテーマは愛ですが、昔も今も愛について人の考え方や気持ちは変わりません。また、平安時代の政治や文化、習慣を知ることができます。

ーーーー 「源氏物語」が外国語に翻訳されているのをご存知ですか。

紫式部  いいえ、存じませんでした。

ーーーー 英語、フランス語、ドイツ語、イタリア語、ロシア語、中国語に翻訳されています。

紫式部  そうですか。でも、外国語で読まれた方は、できればもう一度、今の日本語で読んでくだされば、もっといいと思います。

ーーーー ところで、2000年に紫式部さんと源氏物語をデザインした二千円札が作られたのをご存知ですか。

紫式部  はい、存じております。でも、絵が小さくて、私(わたくし)の顔がよく見えないのが残念でございます。

ーーーー ご家族を紹介していただけませんか。

紫式部  私(わたくし)は20代の終わりごろ結婚いたしました。夫は藤原宣孝(ふじわらのぶたか)と申します。結婚してすぐ夫は九州に転勤なりましたが、私(わたくし)はいっしょに参りませんでした。頭がよくて、おもしろい人でしたが、2年後に病気で死んでしまいました。娘が一人おります。

ーーーー それからどうなさいましたか。

紫式部  天皇の奥様に和歌(わか)などを教えする仕事をいたしました。

ーーーー 働きながら「源氏物語」を書かれたのですね。

紫式部  はい。仕事を始めるまえから書いておりましたが、働くようになってからも続けました。

ーーーー キャリアウーマンですね。 今のキャリアウーマンで、だれかお会いになりたい方がいらっしゃいますか。

紫式部  はい。日本の女性で初めて宇宙に行かれた向井千秋(むかいちあき)さんにぜひお目にかかりたいです。

ーーーー そうですか。今度機会があれば、式部さんと千秋さんの対談をこの番組でお願いしたいです。今日はどうもありがとうございました。

The 2000 yen bill mentioned in the text. I've never (yet?) encountered any during my stay in Japan. image source

Friday, April 20

Vocabulary lists - 法律 (law)

* Please, feel free to use, but don't claim as your own. If sharing on the webspace, please send the link back here. Thank you! *


慣習法 (かんしゅうほう): common law
判例法 (はんれいほう): case law
行政法 (ぎょうせいほう): administrative law
民法 (みんぽう): civil law
商法 (しょうほう): commercial law
刑法 (けいほう): criminal law

刑事訴訟法 (けいじそしょうほう): criminal procedure code

法学者 (ほうがくしゃ): jurist
弁護士 (べんごし): lawyer
裁判官 (さいばんかん): judge
犯罪者(はんざいしゃ): criminal
訴訟(そしょう): litigation, lawsuit
裁判 (さいばん): trial
法廷(ほうてい)courtroom

行為(こうい)deed, act
罪(つみ)sin
詐欺(さぎ)fraud, swindle
偽造(ぎぞう)counterfeit
盗難(とうなん)theft, robbery
略奪(りゃくだつ)pillage, plunder
殺人(さつじん)murder
撃つ(うつ)to shoot
誘拐犯(ゆうかいはん) kidnap, abduction
ハイジャックする to hijack

罰する(ばっする)to punish
処罰 (しょばつ) punishment
罰金(ばっきん)a fine
死刑(しけい)capital punishment

無罪 (むざい): innocent

服罪 (ふくざい): guilty


* Please, feel free to use, but don't claim as your own. If sharing on the webspace, please send the link back here. Thank you! *

Thursday, April 12

Vocabulary lists - 環境 (environment)

* Please, feel free to use, but don't claim as your own. If sharing on the webspace, please send the link back here. Thank you! *
  

(自然)環境 (しぜん)かんきょう the environment
汚染(おせん)pollution

産業化(さんぎょうか) industrialisation
技術(ぎじゅつ)technology
航空旅行 (こうくうりょこう) air travel
不始末 (ふしまつ) mismanagement
農業 (のうぎょう) agriculture
家畜 (かちく) livestock
量産 (りょうさん) mass production
林業 (りんぎょう) logging
無駄遣いの多い生活態度 (むだつかいのおおいせいかつたいど) wasteful attitude
エネルギー energy
需給 (じゅきゅう) demand
化石燃料 (かせきねんりょう) fossil fuels
再生可能エネルギー(さいせいかのう~) renewable/recycable energy
太陽(たいよう)エネルギー・ソーラーパワー solar power
風力 (ふうりょく) wind power
火力 (かりょく) steam power
電力 (でんりょく) electric power
原発(げんぱつ)nuclear power
きれいなエネルギー clean energy
省エネルギー (しょう~)energy conservation

image source
炭酸ガス(たんさん~) or 二酸化炭素(にさんかたんそ) carbon dioxide, CO2 
炭酸排出(たんさんはいしゅ) CO2 emissions
排出(はいしゅつ)emissions 
カーボンフットプリント or 炭酸フットプリント(たんさん~) carbon footprint 
炭酸商業(たんさんしょうぎょう)carbon trading 
オゾン層(~ぞう)ozone layer 
フロンガス CFC 
京都議定書 (きょうときていしょ) Kyoto protocol

温室効果(おんしつこうか)greenhouse effect 
気候変動(きこうへんどう) climate change 
地球温暖化(ちきゅうおんだんか) global warming 
人口爆発 (じんこうばくはつ) overpopulation
森林伐採しんりんばっさいor 乱伐 (らんばつ) deforrestation
沙漠化 (さばくか) desertification
海面増加 (かいめんぞうか) rising sea levels
欠乏 (けつぼう) famine/shortages
洪水(こうずい)flood
解決 (かいけつ) solutions
リサイクリング recycling
リサイクルする to recycle再生利用(する) (さいせいりょう) to re-use
ハイブリッド・カー hybrid car
電気自動車 (でんきじどうしゃ) electric car
{ガソリンカーpetrol car}
菜食主義 (さいしょくしゅぎ) vegetarianism

批判する (ひはん) to blame, to criticize
燃やす (もやす) to burn
破壊する (はかい) to destroy
配る (くばる) to distribute, to deliver
誘発する (ゆうはつ) to lead, to cause
限る (かぎる) to limit, to restrict
防ぐ (ふせぐ) to protect
苦しむ (くるしむ) to suffer from

image source
地球(ちきゅう)Earth
地表(ちひょう)Earth's surface
地殻(ちかく)Earth's crust
上部マントル (じょうぶマントル) outer mantle
下部マントル (かぶマントル) inner mantle
外核 (がいかく) outer core
内核 (ないかく) inner core
北極/南極 (ほっきょく/なんきょく) North/South Pole


* Please, feel free to use, but don't claim as your own. If sharing on the webspace, please send the link back here. Thank you! * 

Saturday, April 7

Vocabulary lists - 色 (colours)

image source


* Please, feel free to use, but don't claim as your own. If sharing on the webspace, please put the link back here. Thank you ! *

Legend:

○ often used
● rarely used
*never encountered in real-life readings/conversation, but not impossible


 カーキ色 (~いろ)khaki(*)

 茶色 (ちゃいろ)brown(○)

 赤い(あかい) red(○)

 色(だいだいいろtangerine orange(●)

 オレンジ色(~いろ) orange(○)

 金色(きんいろ) gold(●)

 黄色(きいろ) yellow(○)

 黄緑(きみどり) light green(●)
 
 緑 (みどり)green(○)

 水色(みずいろ) light blue(●)

 そら空色(そらいろ) sky blue(*)

 青い (あおい)blue(○)

 コバルトブルー cobalt blue(*)

 紺色(こんいろ) dark blue(●)

 藍色(あいいろ) indigo(●)

 菫色(すみれいろ) violet(●)

 ライラック色(~いろ) lilac(*)

 紫 (むらさき)purple(○)

 ピンク色(~いろ) pink(○)

 桃色 (ももいろ)peach pink(●)




 白い (しろい)white(○)

 象牙色(ぞうげいろ) ivory, ecru(*)

 白金色 (はっきん)platinum(*)

 銀色(ぎんいろ) silver(●)

 灰色(はいいろ) ash grey(●)

 グレー色(~いろ) grey(○)

 鼠色(ねずみいろ)mouse grey(*)

 黒い(くろい) black(○)

 白黒 (しろくろ)black & white(○)




多彩な(たさいな) multicolour(●)

 濃い (こい)dark, intensive(○)

 薄い(うすい) light, pale(○)

x 無色 (むしょく)colourless(●)


If you can't see the characters above, please make sure you have Japanese language support installed. There are many webpages with tutorials showing how to add languages to your computer.

* Please, feel free to use, but don't claim as your own. If sharing on the webspace, please put the link back here. Thank you ! *

Tuesday, March 27

Interesting Japanese Resouces - Folk Tales

Ah, Momotaro! image source

I fell in love with this site the moment I saw it: http://hukumusume.com/douwa/pc/jap/index.html

It's the anthology of Japanese folk and popular tales in Japanese, some of them come from really remote prefectures and are otherwise difficult to obtain by a common foreigner like you and me. For every day of the year there is one tale with the text, and most of them contain audio files as well, so you can practice both listening and reading comprehension.

Bedtime story, anyone?

Sunday, March 25

Vocabulary lists - aid or nightmare?

When I started studying Japanese, the entire language seemed one big, never-ending list. List of vocabulary for each chapter, list of vocabulary under each reading, lists of vocabulary on the internet, and then - lists of kanji and kanji-related vocabulary. Then dictionaries, by definition - lists of vocabulary. And then the lists of grammar... At some point I didn't see the reading or listening - I saw a potential list of vocabulary. I developed a strong anxiety towards the language and potential readings, as their sole purpose were, in my eyes, to humiliate me and prove my inability to study the language, because 'I should know all that vocabulary by now!'.
I wish all the lists were that much fun! image source
The problem with lists is that they are not for everyone. Some people benefit from having vocabulary on one piece of paper, and study best when they see the thematic connection. For me, they were always the source of massive anxiety. They weren't informative and helpful - they were obnoxious accusations of what I don't yet know and haven't mastered. I was copying items from them, memorizing entries completely useless for the beginner, things like fairy, bailiff and platypus, but on the other hand not knowing the words for simple, daily items around me. The worse yet, I had no idea where to even look for them, as I didn't have either a fancy iPhone with dictionary applications nor the science-fiction electronic dictionary everybody seemed to be getting from Japan before starting a university. (Now I do have a very useful  (and most importantly, free) Aedict on my Android phone, combined with a little piece of software called Kanji Recognizer, fairly useless, to be honest, as it doesn't show any example words for the kanji, but I use it so as to input the kanji in the system, then after recognition I'm copying and pasting it in Aedict for proper help - my phone doesn't have Asian language support, that's why I need to use some homespun methods fit for the blonde state of mind...)

The further I went with my Japanese, the more I started to notice that the vocabulary started to pile up somewhere in my head (thank God), and that it gets easier and easier to remember new stuff when you've got some 'hook' to attach it to. That's when I re-discovered vocabulary lists as great sources of extra vocab I would have difficulty obtaining anywhere else. I was just wiser in certain aspect - I knew what to ignore. When you're a beginner, hungry for knowledge and restless in your enthusiasm, everything seems equally important. The more proficient you get, the more you realize what you need and don't need from the language you study. I do not need to know economic and political vocabulary by heart - I have dictionaries to check it there. What I need to know is where it's located in general vocabulary area, so I can decide what's worth my attention, and what's not.

But I've discovered something else. If you're not careful and resourceful, and not really know enough Japanese prior to jumping into lists, you might end up not only with lists full of irrelevant entries, but also full of mistakes. 

What's the solution then? 

1/ I guess the best is being a bit critical, and checking upon the author. If the list is made by a beginner copying a book after barely mastering hiragana, chances are it will have some mistakes. The real horror is that there is a growing trend of romanization and some people can't even be bothered studying the syllabaries first, producing/copying the romanized versions of others they copy online... Well, you can guess the results. 

2/ Then before you copy something and in doubt - always check the spelling it in the dictionary, or word processing program at least. Better safe than sorry - thanks to an idiot that 'taught' me some basic Japanese before entering university, I still, after so many years, mix 自転車, jitensha, bicycle with 自動車, jidousha, a car, whenever I hear it. You don't want to have the same problem.

And 3/ Be selective. Choose vocabulary slightly above your level, but keep it real. Do you really need the word (and kanji) for gall bladder before you know the word (and kanji) for yellow? And word for viscera before a kanji for eating?

I do have some lists of vocabulary accumulated over the years. I never really studied items from them, I just kept them as a kind of limited-entry thesaurus when I need to write a composition in Japanese on something I know completely nothing or little about (current political situation in Japan? energy crisis solutions? rare tongue diseases in South-East Asia? there!). I do want to de-clutter my computer and get rid of some of them, but maybe somebody would find them of use in here? I'll need to think about how to prepare them for an on-line debut. Maybe it would be nice to have an on-line reference for the lists from every computer and any place.

What do you think? Would you be interested in some on-line studying materials?